What context can I use each word in?
Learn when and how to use these words with these examples!
pertain
Example
This book pertains to the history of ancient civilizations. [pertain: verb]
Example
The rules and regulations pertain only to employees of this company. [pertain: verb]
Example
The discussion will pertain to the challenges faced by small business owners. [pertain: verb]
refer
Example
Can you refer me to a good dentist in the area? [refer: verb]
Example
The speaker referred to a quote from a famous philosopher. [referred: past tense]
Example
The term 'global warming' refers to the increase in the Earth's temperature due to greenhouse gases. [refers: present tense]
Good things to know
Which word is more common?
Refer is more commonly used than pertain in everyday language, and it covers a wider range of contexts.
What’s the difference in the tone of formality between pertain and refer?
Pertain is more formal and technical than refer, and it is often used in academic or professional settings.
