chromosome

[ˈkrəʊməsəʊm]

chromosome Definition

• 1. a thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
• 2. a rod-shaped or threadlike structure in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, most visible during mitosis and meiosis, containing most of the DNA of the cell and composed of histones and nonhistone proteins

Using chromosome: Examples

Take a moment to familiarize yourself with how "chromosome" can be used in various situations through the following examples!

• Example

  Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

• Example

  The sex of a baby is determined by the chromosomes inherited from the parents.

• Example

  Mutations in chromosomes can lead to genetic disorders.

chromosome Synonyms and Antonyms

Synonyms for chromosome

• heredity
• genetic material
• DNA

Phrases with chromosome

• sex chromosome

  a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.

  Example

  In humans, females have two X chromosomes while males have one X and one Y chromosome.

• autosome

  any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

  Example

  Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes.

• homologous chromosomes

  a pair of chromosomes that contain the same genes in the same order, one from each parent.

  Example

  Humans have two homologous chromosomes for each of the 23 pairs.

Origins of chromosome

from Greek 'chroma' meaning color and 'soma' meaning body

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Summary: chromosome in Brief

A 'chromosome' [ˈkrəʊməsəʊm] is a thread-like structure in the nucleus of most living cells that carries genetic information in the form of genes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and mutations can lead to genetic disorders. 'Chromosome' extends into phrases like 'sex chromosome,' which determines the sex of an organism, and 'homologous chromosomes,' which contain the same genes in the same order from each parent.