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- 01.I've heard "made up of" can be used when something is a mixture of more than three things. Is that right?
Yes, that's right! Something can be "made up of" many things or people. Not just one or two things! Ex: The team is made up of seven members. Ex: The meal tonight is made up of five courses.
- 02.What does "time on [someone]'s hand" mean? Is it a common expression?
Yes, it's a common expression. It simply means that one has time; they are not busy. Ex: I can help you out with moving this weekend. I have lots of time on my hands recently. Ex: Work has been very busy recently, so I don't have a lot of time on my hands.
- 03.Is "surprisingly" different from "surprise"?
"Surprisingly" is the adverb related to the word "surprise." It means unexpectedly, or in a way causing surprise. The speaker has used "surprisingly" to warn against paying medical bills that are unexpectedly high. Ex: Surprisingly, the food at the restaurant was better than expected. Ex: The student did not get in trouble for skipping school, surprisingly.
- 04.What does "bedding" mean? Does it refer to hay?
"Bedding" is basically any material that is used to sleep on or in. For humans, bedding usually refers to bed sheets, blankets (also called comforters or duvets), and so on. For animals, like the hamster in this video, it can be straw, hay, or even shredded paper. Ex: I need to change the bedding in the hamster cage. Ex: I bought new bedding for my room. It's super fluffy and warm, so I love it.
- 05.What's "show up" mean and is it different from just saying "show?"
"Show up" is different from "show!" "Show up" is a phrasal verb that means to arrive somewhere to join a group of people or for an event or gathering. Usually unexpectedly or quite late. "Show" means to allow or cause something to be visible or a stage performance. Ex: Our dinner guests didn't show up last night. So after an hour we just ate the food ourselves. Ex: Josh showed up to watch our dance rehearsals. => unexpected Ex: We went to the eight o'clock show. The performance was magnificent.
- 06.Would it change the nuance of the sentence if I say "wake" instead of "wake up"?
No, it wouldn't! You can definitely use "wake" instead of "wake up" in this sentence. This is because the tone of "wake up" in this sentence isn't very strong, so it works well with "wake". Ex: Penny wakes easily with the sound of traffic outside her window. Ex: Wake up George!! We need to go now.
- 07.Here, 'kula ring' is referring to the process? Or items?
Yes, the Trobiand Islands' indigenous people's custom of trading non-practical items is called the "Kula ring." It's referring to the process of exchange, and not the items themselves.
- 08.In what kind of situation can I use "Out of one's mind"? And what are the similar expressions?
You can use the expression "Out of one's mind" to refer to someone who is acting "crazy" or not like themselves. A common synonym is simply "crazy". Ex: I can't believe you bought that car you can't afford, are you out of your mind?
- 09.What is the meaning of "dab"?
Good question! "Dab" simply means "tap". It is often used to describe applying some kind of liquid or cream, like make-up, ointment, paint, etc. Let me give you some examples. Ex: After I dab on a little more paint, my painting will be finished. Ex: Dab the ointment gently on your wound.
- 010.In fantasy and medieval history, what's the main difference between a "kingdom" and a "realm?"
In fantasy and medieval history, a "kingdom" is ruled by a monarchy, whereas a "realm" is the sphere of influence a monarchy has. So a "realm" could be bigger than a "kingdom," but a "kingdom" is also a "realm." However, "realm" can also be metaphorical and abstract and not necessarily refer to a physical area. Ex: The Queen's kingdom is under attack. = The Queen's realm is under attack. Ex: In the realm of truth, nothing is too honest. Ex: His interest is in the realm of spirits and fantasy.
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This line means that she's going through challenges as if they were so easy. The "walls" means a challenging thing or difficult situation, and the "open door" implies that they're easy to get through. Ex: I feel like I've hit a wall with this project. I don't know what to do. Ex: The opportunity was like an open door! So I took it.
"Make it" is being used as an idiom here meaning to succeed in surviving or to succeed in living through something difficult. So here it means that the cow may not survive, may die. Ex: You’re gonna make it little buddy. Ex: Our cat had 6 kittens but only 4 of them made it.
Actually, "Sir" is not just used to refer to a male supervisor. "Sir" is a polite way to greet a man and not necessarily even used by many people as a way to greet their supervisor (who can sometimes be called by just their name, depending on the situation). In the case of this video, it has been used as a way to politely refer to a man. For women, you can choose to use "Miss" (for younger, unmarried women) or "Madame" (for older, married women). Ex: Hello Sir, how can I help you today? Ex: This Miss appears to be lost.
"Do you" are left out at the beginning of the sentence. The sentence should be "Do you want to watch..." During informal conversations, you may notice that words are left out of sentences. This is because the remainder of the sentence can stand alone and is perfectly clear without the help of other words. Words that are commonly left out are helping verbs, articles, possessives, and personal pronouns. Ex: (Do you) Know where it is? A: How's Annie? B:(She is) Not feeling well. A: How are you? B: (I am) Doing well. Ex: (Are) You ready?
When writing, small numbers from one to ten need to be spelled out. Larger numbers above ten should be written as numerals. Ex: I have one cat and two dogs. Ex: There are 365 days in a year.
